Agriculture · Botany · Plant Pathology

A Comprehensive Textbook of Botany

By: Shankar Lal, S.K. Singh, A Kumar and Renu

₹5,395.50~~₹5,995.00~~You save ₹599.50

ISBN: 9788170196921
Year: 2021
Binding: Hardbound
Language: English
Total pages: 462
Ebook: Coming soon

About the Book

(i) Foreword (ii) Preface (iii) About the authors (iv) List of tables (v) List of photos/figures (vi) Acronyms (vii) List of charts (viii) List of appendices 1 Introduction 1.1 Biology 1.2 History of botany in India 1.3 Status of botany in recent India 1.4 Contributors of Indian botany 1.5 Scope of botany 1.6 Importance of plants in agriculture 1.7 Uses of plants 2 Evolution 2.1 Definition 2.2 Origin of life 2.3 Organic evolution 2.3.1 Evidences of organic evolution 2.3.2 Mechanism of organic evolution 2.4 Theories of organic evolution 2.4.1 Lamark’s theory of inheritance of acquired characters 2.4.2 Darwin’s theory of natural selection 2.4.3 De Vries theory of mutation 2.4.4 Molecular driven evolution 3 Plant diversity Detailed description 4 Classification of plants 4.1 General 4.2 Division of Plant Kingdom 4.2.1 Cryptogams 4.2.1.1 Thallophyta 4.2.1.2 Bryophyta 4.2.1.3 Bacteria 4.2.1.4 Viruses 4.2.1.5 Fungi 4.2.1.6 Lichens 4.2.1.7 Mosses 4.2.1.8 Liverworts 4.2.1.9 Vascular cryptogames 4.2.1.10 Ferns 5 Classification of higher plants 5.1 Taxonomy 5.2 Units of classification 5.2.1 Species 5.2.2 Genus 5.2.3 Binomial nomenclature 5.2.4 Family 5.3 Systems of classification 5.3.1 Bentham and Hookers’ system of classification 5.3.1.1 Dicotyledons 5.3.1.2 Monocotyledons 5.4 Distinction between dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous plants 5.5 Important families of higher plants 5.6 Taxonomical description of important plants 5.6.1 Taxonomical description of brinjal 5.6.2 Taxonomical description of bottle gourd 5.6.3 Taxonomical description of radish 5.6.4 Taxonomical description of okra 5.6.5 Taxonomical description of pea 5.6.6 Taxonomical description of wheat 6 Diversity of plant life 6 General 6.1 Habitat 6.2 Plant habit 6.3 Duration of life 6.3.1 Annuals 6.3.2 Biennials 6.3.3 Perennials 6.4 Climbers 6.5 Autophytes 6.6 Heterophytes 6.7 Parasites 6.8 Saprophytes 6.9 Epiphytes 6.10 Symbionts 6.11 Carnivorous Plants 7 Seed morphology 7.1 Dicot seeds 7.1.1 Seed coat 7.1.2 Embryo 7.2 Monocot seeds 7.2.1 Seed coat 7.2.2 Endosperm 7.2.3 Embryo 8 Germination 8.1 Epigeal germination 8.2 Hypogeal germination 8.3 Category of seeds and types of germination 8.4 Conditions essential for germination 9 Root 9.1 Functions of root 9.2 Regions of root 9.3 Distinction between roots and stems 9.4 Kinds of roots 9.4.1 Normal roots 9.4.2 Adventitious roots 9.5 Modifications of roots 9.5.1 Modifications of tap root 9.5.2 Modifications of root branch 9.5.3 Modifications of adventitious roots 9.5.3.1 For storage of food 9.5.3.2 For mechanical support 10 Stem 10.1 Nodes and internodes 10.2 Bud 10.3 Kinds of buds 10.4 Modifications of buds 10.5 Forms of stem 10.5.1 Erect or strong stem 10.5.2 Weak stem 10.6 Modifications of stem 10.6.1 Underground modifications of stem 10.6.2 Sub-aerial modifications of stem 10.6.3 Aerial modifications of stem 10.7 Branching 10.7.1 Racemose type of branching 10.7.2 Cymose type of branching 10.7.3 Dichotomous branching 10.8 Functions of stem 11 Leaf 11.1 Parts of leaf 11.2 Duration of leaf 11.3 Stipules 11.4 Leaf blade characteristics 11.4.1 Leaf apex93 11.4.2 Leaf margin 11.4.3 Leaf surface 11.4.4 Leaf shape 11.4.5 Leaf incision 11.5 Venation 11.5.1 Reticulate venation 11.5.2 Parallel venation 11.5.3 Palmate venation 11.6 Simple and compound leaves 11.6.1 Difference between compound leaf and branch 11.7 Modifications of leaves 11.7.1 Leaf tendrils 11.7.2 Leaf spines 11.7.3 Scaly leaves 11.7.4 Phyllode 11.7.5 Pitcher 11.7.6 Bladder 11.8 Functions of veins 11.9 Phyllotaxy 11.9.1 Alternate or spiral distichous or1/2 phyllotaxy 11.9.2 1/3 or tristichous phyllotaxy 11.9.3 2/5 or Pentastichous phyllotaxy 11.9.4 Opposite phyllotaxy 11.9.5 Whorl 11.10 Functions of leaves 12 Inflorescence 12.1 Racemose inflorescence 12.1.1 With main axis elongated 12.1.2 With main axis shortened 12.1.3 With main axis flattened 12.2 Cymose inflorescence 12.3 Special type of inflorescence 13 Flower 13.1 Parts of flower 13.2 Position of gynoecium and other floral parts on thalamus 13.3 Bracts 13.4 Bracteole 13.5 Calyx 13.6 Corolla 13.6.1 Forms of corolla 13.6.2 Aestivation of corolla 13.7 Androecium 13.7.1 Stamens 13.7.2 Cohesion of stamens 13.7.3 Adhesion of stamens 13.7.4 Length of stamens 13.7.5 Filament 13.7.5.1 Attachment of the filament to the anther 13.7.6 Anther 13.7.7 Pollen grains 13.8 Gynoecium 13.8.1 Carpels in syncarpous pistil 13.8.2 Parts of ovary 13.8.3 Style 13.8.4 Stigma 13.9 Categories of flowers 13.10 Symmetry of the flowers 13.11 Facts to prove that flower is a modified stem 13.12 Placentation 13.12.1 Types of placentation 14 Ovule 14.1 Structure 14.2 Parts of embryo sac 14.3 Forms of ovule 15 Pollination 15.1 Self-pollination or autogamy 15.2 Cross-pollination or allogamy 15.2.1 Contrivances for cross pollination 16 Fertilization Detailed process of fertilization 17 Seed 17.1 Development of embryo 17.2 Development of endosperm 17.3 Other changes in the ovule 17.4 Functions of seed 18 Fruit 18.1 Classification of fruits 18.1.1 Simple fruit 18.1.2 Schizocarpic fruits 18.1.3 Fleshy fruits 18.1.4 Aggregate fruits 18.1.5 Multiple or composite fruits 18.1.6 Category of fruits 18.1.7 Dispersal of seeds and fruits 19 Cytology 19.1 Definition and historical background 19.2 Cell structure 19.2.1 Cell contents 19.3 Cell shape 19.4 Cell size 19.5 Cell number 19.6 Plastids 19.7 Other cytoplasmic cell bodies 19.8 Non- living cell contents 19.9 Cell cycle 19.10 Mitosis 19.11 Meiosis 19.11.1 Process of meiosis 19.11.2 Significance of meiosis 19.11.3 Difference between mitosis and meiosis 19.12 Amitosis 19.13 Free cell formation 19.14 Budding 19.15 Chromosomal aberrations 19.15.1 Chromosomal deficiency 19.16 Variation in chromosome number 19.17 Classification of ploidy 19.17.1 Euploidy 19.17.2 Aneuploidy 19.17.3 Polyploidy 19.17.4 Difference between auto and allopolyploid 20 Genetics: a young branch of botany 20.1 Definition 20.2 Single factor cross 20.3 Mendelian ratio 20.4 Homozygote and heterozygote 20.5 Phenotype and genotype 20.6 Mendel’s laws of inheritance 20.6.1 Law of unit characters 20.6.2 Law of dominance 20.6.3 Law of segregation or law of independent assortment 20.6.4 Mathematical method for genetic problem 20.7 Gene interaction 20.7.1 Epistasis 21 Anatomy 21.1 Tissue 21.1.1 Meristematic tissues 21.1.2 Permanent tissues 21.1.3 Secretary tissues 21.2 Tissue system 21.2.1 Epidermal tissue system 21.2.2 Ground or fundamental tissue system 21.2.3 Vascular tissue system 21.2.4 Types of vascular bundles 21.2.5 Anatomy of stem 21.2.5.1 Dicotyledonous stem 21.2.5.2 Monocotyledonous stem 21.2.6 Anatomical differences between dicot and monocot stems 21.2.7 Anatomy of roots 21.2.7.1 Dicotyledonous roots 21.2.7.2 Monocotylednous roots 21.2.8 Anatomical difference between dicot and monocot roots 21.3 Origin of lateral roots 21.4 Anatomy of leaves 21.4.1 Anatomy of dorsiventral leaf 21.4.2 Anatomy of isobilateral leaf 21.5 Secondary growth 21.5.1 Scondary growth in dicot stem 21.5.2 Scondary growth in dicot root 22 Plant ecology 22.1 Introduction 22.2 Definition 22.3 Biome 22.4 Importance of plants and animals 22.5 Divisions of plant ecology 22.5.1 Autecology 22.5.2 Synecology 22.5.3 Plant sociology or phytosociology 22.5.4 Resource ecology 22.6 Environment 22.6.1 Climatic components 22.6.2 Edaphic components 22.6.3 Biotic components 22.6.4 Abiotic components 22.7 Ecological groups 22.7.1 Hydrophytes 22.7.1.1 Classification of hydrophytes 22.7.2 Ecological adaptation in hydrophytes 22.7.3 Mesophytes 22.7.3.1 Adaptation of mesophytes 22.7.4 Xerophytes 23 Seed technology 23.1 Definition 23.2 Relationship of seed technology with other sciences 23.3 Goal of seed technology 23.4 Fruit 23.4.1 Fruit wall 23.5 Categories of fruits 23.5.1 Simple fruits 23.5.2 Multiple fruits 23.5.3 Aggregate fruits 23.6 Seed formation 23.6.1 Formation of megaspore 23.6.2 Pollen germination 23.6.3 Double fertilization 23.6.4 Triple fusion 23.6.5 Seed development 23.7 Categories of seeds 23.7.1 Basic seed 23.7.2 Test stock seed 23.7.3 Nucleus seed 23.7.4 Breeder seed 23.7.5 Foundation stage I seed 23.7.6 Foundation stage II seed 23.7.7 Certified seed 23.7.8 Truthfully labeled (TL) seed 23.7.9 Seed tag colour 23.8 Kinds of seeds 23.8.1 Classification of seeds based on mode of reproduction 23.8.2 Classification of seeds based on moisture content 23.8.3 Agricultural seeds 23.8.4 Difference between scientifically produced seeds and grains used as seed 23.8.5 Maintenance of purity in the seeds 23.9 Seed certification 23.9.1 Procedure of certification 23.9.1.1 Field inspection 23.9.1.2 Seed inspection 23.9.1.3 Seed testing 23.9.1.4 Procedure of sampling 23.9.1.5 Germination 23.9.1.6 Seed vigour tests 23.9.1.7 Seed moisture testing 23.9.1.8 Seed health test 23.10 Seed production in India 23.10.1 National Seeds Corporation (NSC) 23.10.2 State Seeds Corporations 23.10.3 National Seeds Programme 24 Biotechnology, an aid in botanical studies 24.1 Definition 24.2 Somaclonal hybridization 24.3 Gene transfer 24.3.1 Tumour introducing (Ti) and root introducing (Ri) plasmid 24.3.2 Plant viruses 24.3.3 Electroporation 24.3.4 Direct DNA uptake 24.3.5 Particle gun 24.4 Uses of technique of transfer of genes 24.5 Molecular markers and marker assisted selections 24.6 Botanical and biotechnological tools for plant improvement 25 Plant physiology in agriculture 25.1 Introduction 25.2 Mineral nutrition 25.3 Primary requirements of substances by plants 25.4 Major requirement of substanes 25.5 Role of elements in the development of plant body 25.6 Absorption of water 25.6.1 Mechanism of absorption of water 25.7 Ascent of sap 25.8 Transpiration 25.8.1 Loss of water 25.8.2 Significance of transpiration 25.8.3 Mechanism of transpiration 25.8.4 Kinds of transpiration 25.8.5 Mechanism of opening and closing of stomata 25.8.6 Factors affecting the rate of transpiration 25.9 Photosynthesis 25.9.1 Definition 25.9.2 Mechanism of photosynthesis 25.9.2.1 Light reaction 25.9.2.2 Dark reaction 25.9.3 Synthesis of starch 25.9.4 Factors affecting photosynthesis 25.10 Respiration 25.10.1 Definition 25.10.2 Significance of respiration 25.10.3 Types of respiration 25.10.4 Mechanism of respiration 25.10.5 Efficiency of respiration 25.10.6 Respiratory quotient 25.10.7 Factors affecting rate of respiration 26 Economic botany 26.1 Introduction 26.2 Economic plants 26.2.1 Food 26.2.2 Pulses 26.2.3 Oil seeds 26.2.4 Beverages 26.2.5 Vegetables 26.2.6 Fibres 26.2.7 Spices and condiments 26.2.8 Gum, mucilage and glue 26.2.9 Paper and wood pulp 26.2.10 Plant products used as insecticides, insect, repellants and weedicides 26.2.11 Plants, the source of aromatic and essential oils 26.2.12 Plant species used as timber 26.2.13 Dye and tan 26.2.14 Plants used as soures of fertilizers 26.2.15 Plants as source of cementing material 27 Appendices 28 Glossary 29 References

A Comprehensive Textbook of Botany by Shankar Lal, S.K. Singh, A Kumar and Renu.

462 pages · English · Published 2021

Subjects: Agriculture, Botany, Plant Pathology

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Shankar Lal, S.K. Singh, A Kumar and Renu

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